interCondensatingEvaporatingFoam - OpenFOAM Solver

Solver: interCondensatingEvaporatingFoam   Description

interCondensatingEvaporatingFoam is a solver for transient analysis of two incompressible, non-isothermal, and immiscible fluids undergoing phase changes, specifically evaporation, and condensation, between a fluid and its vapor phase. It handles laminar and turbulent, accommodating both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The interface between the melt and its vapor phases is resolved using the Volume of Fluid (VoF) approach.

The solver is suited to multiphase flow problems involving thermal effects and phase transformations between liquid and gas phases. The basis for the solver is interFoam and the main differences between them are additional terms for mass transfer between liquid and its vapor in volume fraction \(\alpha\) equation.

The solver uses the PIMPLE (merged PISO-SIMPLE) algorithm for pressure-momentum coupling. This algorithm leverages the strengths of both PISO and SIMPLE methods for pressure-velocity coupling, ensuring robustness in handling transient flows with large time steps. This approach is supplemented by under-relaxation techniques to secure convergence stability. It supports Multiple Reference Frames (MRF) and porosity modeling and allows easy integration of passive scalar transport equations and source terms. The solver handles dynamic meshes.

The solver finds applications across diverse sectors. In the HVAC industry, it can be used to optimize evaporation and condensation in air conditioners, heat pumps, and other devices. The automotive sector utilizes it for improving engine cooling systems or optimizing fuel injection. Chemical processing industries apply it in distillation and other separation processes.

Solver: interCondensatingEvaporatingFoam   Features

  • Transient
  • Incompressible
  • Multiphase - Volume of Fluid (VoF)
  • 2 Immiscible Fluids (Liquid & Vapor)
  • Evaporation and Condensation
  • Dynamic Mesh Motion
  • Laminar and Turbulent (RANS, LES, DES)
  • Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluid
  • Pressure-Based Solver
  • Rotating Objects:
    • Multiple Reference Frames (MRF)
    • Rotating Mesh Motion
  • Passive Scalar
  • Porosity Modeling
  • Buoyancy
  • Source Term (explicit/implicit)
  • PIMPLE Algorithm
  • MULES Algorithm
  • Solution Limiters:
    • Velocity Damping

Solver: interCondensatingEvaporatingFoam   Application

Automotive Industry

  • Fuel Injection - Spray Atomization Process

HVAC Industry

  • Evaporation in Hot Boilers
  • Condensation in Cooling Devices

Chemical Industry

  • Evaporation in distillation process

Solver: interCondensatingEvaporatingFoam   Multiphase - Phase Change Solvers Comparison

Phase Change Solvers In this group, we have included solvers implementing Phase Change models to handle cavitation, and surface evaporation/condensation (liquid and its vapor phases).

Phase Change - Cavitation

  • cavitatingFoam 2 immiscible fluids, dedicated to cavitation, Homogeneous Equilibrium Model (HEM)
  • interPhaseChangeFoam 2 immiscible fluids, dedicated to cavitation, VoF, Phase Change Models: Schnerr-Sauer, Merkle, Kunz

Phase Change - Condensation / Evaporation

  • VoF - Volume of Fluid
  • DyM - Dynamic Mesh
  • Overset - also known as Chimera Grid (Method)

Solver: interCondensatingEvaporatingFoam   Results Fields

This solver provides the following results fields:

  • Primary Results Fields - quantities produced by the solver as default outputs
  • Derivative Results - quantities that can be computed based on primary results and supplementary models. They are not initially produced by the solver as default outputs.

Primary Results Fields

Velocity

\(U\) [\(\frac{m}{s}\)]

Temperature

\(T\) [\(K\)]

Phase Volume Fraction

\(\alpha\) [\(-\)]

Hydrostatic Perturbation Pressure

\(p - \rho gh\) [\(Pa\)]

Hydrostatic Perturbation Pressure This value represents the pressure without the hydrostatic component (minus gravitational potential). Read More: Hydrostatic Pressure Effects

Derivative Results

Pressure

\(P\) [\(Pa\)]

Density

\(\rho\) [\(\frac{kg}{m^{3}}\)]

Vorticity

\(\omega\) [\(\frac{1}{s}\)]

Courant Number

\(Co\) [\(-\)]

Peclet Number

\(Pe\) [\(-\)]

Stream Function

\(\psi\) [\(\frac{m^2}{s}\)]

Q Criterion

\(Q\) [\(-\)]

Wall Functions (for RANS/LES turbulence)

\(y^+\) [\(-\)]

Wall Shear Stress

\(WSS\) [\(Pa\)]

Turbulent Fields (for RANS/LES turbulence)

\(k\) \(\epsilon\) \(\omega\) \(R\) \(L\) \(I\) \(\nu_t\) \(\alpha_t\)

Volumetric Stream

\(\phi\) [\(\frac{m^{3}}{s}\)]

Passive Scalar

\(scalar_i\) [\(-\)]

Forces and Torque acting on the Boundary

\(F\) [\(N\)] \(M\) [\(-\)]

Force Coefficients

\(C_l\) [\(-\)] \(C_d\) [\(-\)] \(C_m\) [\(-\)]

Average, Minimum or Maximum in Volume from any Result Field

\(Avg\) \(Min\) \(Max\)