Solver: sprayFoam Description
sprayFoam is a transient, multiphase solver for compressible, turbulent flows with spray particle cloud. Initially, this solver was designed to simulate the injection of high-pressure diesel, representing it as droplet parcels, employing the Lagrangian particle tracking technique. The solver is in many aspects similar to reactingParcelFoam
The major difference is the additional functionality of particle cloud models that allows the description of spray atomization and breakup. Those models are not available in reactingParcelFoam
Eulerian-Lagrangian framework is used to describe the behavior of the flow. The Eulerian approach is used for continuous phase description (mass, momentum, and energy equations are solved), while the Lagrangian approach is used to describe the spray. The spray may represent many parcels with varying parcel properties, while the parcel represents many particles with identical particle properties.
The spray develops within the domain, influenced by the exchange of mass, momentum, and energy with the continuous gas phase. Consequently, the interactions between the two phases dictate the progression of the spray and the formation of the mixture.
The PIMPLE algorithm is used to advance the solution in time. The PIMPLE (merged PISO-SIMPLE) algorithm is used for pressure-momentum coupling. This algorithm leverages the strengths of both PISO and SIMPLE methods for pressure-velocity coupling, ensuring robustness in handling transient flows with large time steps. Additionally, the solver can include porosity, buoyancy, radiation and MRF (Multiple Reference Frame) features in the flow simulation.
The solver can be applied for simulating fuel injection systems, rocket propulsion systems, and sprays for agricultural or pharmaceutical industries.
Solver: sprayFoam Features
- Transient
- Compressible
- Multiphase - Lagrangian Particles
- Species Transport
- Lagrangian Particles:
- Spray (Liquid Droplets)
- Chemical Reactions
- Evaporation and Boiling
- Combustion Modeling
- Laminar and Turbulent (RANS, LES, DES)
- Multicomponent (mixture)
- Perfect Gas Model
- Pressure-Based Solver
- Rotating Objects:
- Multiple Reference Frames (MRF)
- Passive Scalar
- Porosity Modeling
- Heat Transfer
- Heat Source
- Radiation
- Buoyancy
- Source Term (explicit/implicit)
- Transonic Flow
- PIMPLE Algorithm
- Solution Limiters:
- Velocity Damping
- Pressure Limit
- Temperature Limit
Solver: sprayFoam Application
Automotive
- Fuel Injection Systems
Aerospace
- Rocket Propulsion
Agricultural
- Pesticide and Fertilizer Sprays
Pharmaceutical and Food Industries
- Spray Drying
Solver: sprayFoam Species & Reactions Solvers Comparison
Species & Reactions Solvers In this group, we have included compressible (pressure-based) solvers that can be used to simulate: Species Transport, Multicomponent Gas Mixtures, Chemical Reactions, Combustion.
Multicomponent
- simpleReactingParcelFoam steady-state, multiphase particle clouds
- reactingParcelFoam transient, multiphase particle clouds
Spray
- sprayFoam transient, liquid particles only, dedicated to fuel spray combustion
- sprayDyMFoam extension of sprayFoam with DyM
Coal
- simpleCoalParcelFoam steady-state, coal particles only
- coalChemistryFoam transient, coal particles only
Gas*
- reactingFoam fluids with minor density fluctuations (caused by pressure variance), no buoyancy
- rhoReactingFoam fluids with density variations due to reactions, no buoyancy
- rhoReactingBuoyantFoam extension of rhoReactingFoam with buoyancy forces
- * All solvers in this group are transient
- DyM - Dynamic Mesh
Solver: sprayFoam Tutorial
- Simulation of heptane particle combustion injected into a cylinder, employing the Ranz-Marshall heat transfer model and the evaporation and boiling model.
Solver: sprayFoam Results Fields
This solver provides the following results fields:
- Primary Results Fields - quantities produced by the solver as default outputs
- Derivative Results - quantities that can be computed based on primary results and supplementary models. They are not initially produced by the solver as default outputs.
Primary Results Fields
Velocity | \(U\) [\(\frac{m}{s}\)] |
Pressure | \(p\) [\(Pa\)] |
Temperature | \(T\) [\(K\)] |
Species Mass Fraction | \(Y_i\) [\(-\)] |
Derivative Results
Density | \(\rho\) [\(\frac{kg}{m^{3}}\)] |
Vorticity | \(\omega\) [\(\frac{1}{s}\)] |
Mach Number | \(Ma\) [\(-\)] |
Courant Number | \(Co\) [\(-\)] |
Peclet Number | \(Pe\) [\(-\)] |
Stream Function | \(\psi\) [\(\frac{m^2}{s}\)] |
Q Criterion | \(Q\) [\(-\)] |
Wall Functions (for RANS/LES turbulence) | \(y^+\) [\(-\)] |
Wall Shear Stress | \(WSS\) [\(Pa\)] |
Wall Heat Flux | \(\phi_q\) [\(W/m^2\)] |
Turbulent Fields (for RANS/LES turbulence) | \(k\) \(\epsilon\) \(\omega\) \(R\) \(L\) \(I\) \(\nu_t\) \(\alpha_t\) |
Volumetric Stream | \(\phi\) [\(\frac{m^{3}}{s}\)] |
Passive Scalar | \(scalar_i\) [\(-\)] |
Forces and Torque acting on the Boundary | \(F\) [\(N\)] \(M\) [\(-\)] |
Force Coefficients | \(C_l\) [\(-\)] \(C_d\) [\(-\)] \(C_m\) [\(-\)] |
Average, Minimum or Maximum in Volume from any Result Field | \(Avg\) \(Min\) \(Max\) |