# Car

## 1. Create Case

After opening SimFlow, we will create a new case named car

1. Go to panel

2. Provide name car

3. Click

## 2. Import Geometry

1. Click

2. Select geometry file car_body.stl

3. Click

## 3. Geometry - Car Body

After importing geometry, it will appear in the 3D window

1. Click to zoom in on the geometry

## 4. Meshing Properties - Car Body

After geometry is loaded, we can proceed to define meshing properties. To better resolve the flow around the car body, we want to refine mesh near the car geometry by specifying minimum and maximum refinement levels.

1. Go to Hex Meshing panel

2. Select car_body geometry

3. Enable Meshing

4. Set Refinement Min 3 Max 5

## 5. Base Mesh

Base Mesh is a domain mesh of our simulation from which the final mesh will be created by carving out the geometry of the car.

1. Go to Base tab

2. Define base mesh parameters accordingly
Min $$\sf{[m]}$$-600
Max $$\sf{[m]}$$1468

3. Set the division of the base mesh
Division501520

## 6. Base Mesh Boundaries

We need to assign individual names to each side of the base mesh in order to be later able to define different conditions on each side.

1. Define boundary names accordingly
X- inlet
X+ outlet
Y- bottom
Y+ top
Z- symmetry
Z+ right

2, 3. Define boundary types accordingly
Y- wall
Z- symmetry

## 7. Material Point

Material Point tells the meshing algorithm on which side of the geometry the mesh is to be retained. We are modeling car aerodynamics so our material point needs to be located inside the Base Mesh but outside the car body.

1. Go to Point tab

2. Specify location inside base mesh but outside car geometry
Material Point032

## 8. Start Meshing

Everything is now set up for meshing

1. Go to Mesh tab

2. Press button to start meshing process

## 9. Mesh

After meshing is finished, the new mesh will be displayed in the graphics window. To show the mesh of the car body we can use the Graphics Object List.

1. Click Graphics Object List icon

2. Select Mesh to show meshes list

## 10. Mesh - Toggle Visibility

You can hide domain boundaries to inspect the mesh on the car body.

1, 2. Hide the following objects
bottom
inlet
outlet
right
symmetry
top

## 11. Select Solver - SIMPLE

We want to analyze incompressible turbulent flow around the car body. For this purpose, we will use the SIMPLE (simpleFoam) solver.

1. Go to Setup panel

2. Enable filter

3. Enable filter

4. Select SIMPLE (simpleFoam) solver

5. solver

## 12. Turbulence

We are going to use the standard $$k{-}\omega \; SST$$ model to handle turbulence. This model gives very good agreement with experimental data and is commonly used for aerodynamics applications.

1. Go to Turbulence panel

2. Select RANS modeling

3. Select $$k{-}\omega \; SST$$ model

## 13. Boundary Conditions - Bottom (Flow)

We are simulating a car moving on a road. In this reference frame, the road has to move with respect to the car. We can achieve this by applying fixed velocity boundary condition on the bottom of the domain.

1. Go to Boundary Conditions panel

2. Select bottom boundary

3. 4. Set velocity
TypeFixed Value
Value $$\sf{[m/s]}$$2000

## 14. Boundary Conditions - Inlet (Flow)

On the inlet, we are going to apply constant velocity, similarly to the bottom .

1. Select inlet boundary

2. Change boundary condition to Velocity Inlet

3. Define inlet velocity Reference Value $$\sf{[m/s]}$$20

## 15. Boundary Conditions - Inlet (Turbulence)

We are simulating a car moving in otherwise stationary air. Therefore, we specify low turbulence intensity on the inlet.

1. Go to Turbulence boundary conditions tab

2. 3. Set the following parameters accordingly
k Intensity $$\sf{[-]}$$5e-03
$$\omega$$ Mixing Length $$\sf{[m]}$$1e-03

## 16. Boundary Conditions - Right (Flow)

On the right and top boundary, we are going to force velocity to be tangent to the boundary.

1. Select right boundary condition

2. Go to Flow tab

3. Select Zero Gradient type

4. Select Slip type

## 17. Boundary Conditions - Right (Turbulence)

1. Go to Turbulence tab

2. Change turbulent kinetic energy Type to Zero Gradient

3. Change turbulent frequency Type to Zero Gradient

## 18. Boundary Conditions - Top (Flow)

We need to repeat the same steps to the top boundary condition

1. Select top boundary condition

2. Go to Flow tab

3. Select Zero Gradient type

4. Select Slip type

## 19. Boundary Conditions - Top (Turbulence)

1. Go to Turbulence tab

2. Change turbulent kinetic energy Type to Zero Gradient

3. Change turbulent frequency Type to Zero Gradient

## 20. Monitors - Forces

We want to monitor the simulation process by observing plots of the aerodynamic forces on the car

1. Go to Monitors panel

2. Go to Forces tab

3. For Monitored Boundaries select car_body

## 21. Run Simulation

1. Go to Run panel

2. Set Number of Iterations to at least 200

3. Click button

Estimated computation time: 2 minutes

## 22. Monitor Forces

During the simulation, we can observe whether forces on the car body stabilize which will mean that our simulation converges

## 23. Postprocessing - ParaView

After the simulation is finished, we can proceed to post-processing

1. Go to Postprocessing panel

2. Start ParaView

## 24. ParaView - Load Results

1. Make sure you have your case selected

2. Click to load results

## 25. ParaView - Set View Direction

After loading results, we have to rotate the domain or change view direction to see the car.

1. Click Set view direction to +Z

## 26. ParaView - Display Velocity

We will now display velocity (U) contours.

1. Load latest results by clicking Last Frame icon

2. Select U (velocity) from the dropdown menu

3. Click Rescale to data range

## 27. ParaView - Coloring (I)

We can change the coloring scheme in ParaView to have nicer colors.

1. Click Edit Color Map from the menu placed on the left side, if the panel is not already shown.

2. Select Choose Preset from the Color Map Editor placed by default on the right side of the ParaView

## 28. ParaView - Coloring (II)

We can now select a new Color Preset.

1. Select jet preset

2. changes

3. Choose Preset window

## 29. ParaView - Coloring (III)

Now we can see the results with the new preset applied. We can also modify the number of displayed colors to see the results better.

1. Decrease Number od Table Values to 20

## 30. ParaView - Import Geometry

To display results on the original geometry, we can import the geometry directly into ParaView.

1. Click Open and select the original car_body.stl geometry to import it into ParaView.

2. Click on the Visibility icon to show the geometry.

## 31. ParaView - Final Results

Now we can see the final results with the original geometry.